Infectious Disease Malaria Essay - 595 Words

Section 1 Malaria General Information Malaria is a common infectious disease found mainly in the tropics but in rare circumstances can be found in temperate areas. Depending on the circumstances malaria can be either life threatening cause serious illness. It is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium species(in text reference). These parasites are carried by mosquitoes which become infected after biting someone who has malaria. Malaria is then passed on to others when the infected mosquito bites another person. In rare cases malaria can be passed to another person through blood transfusions, organ donations or shared needles. On average there are around 300-500 million people who become infected with malaria every year, with most of the†¦show more content†¦Signs and Symptoms Symptoms that are usually associated with yellow fever include fever, poor appetite, nausea, chills, muscle pains in the back and headaches abdominal back pain. These symptoms usually subside after five days. These symptoms sometimes reoccur. Abdominal pain and liver damage starts causing yellow skin. There also is a higher chance of kidney problems. About 15-15% then proceed to the ‘toxic’ stage of which around 50% then die around 14 days after catching yellow fever. Dengue Fever General Information Dengue fever is a mosquito-transmitted virus, it is a Flavivirus which is the same genus as yellow fever. There are five different varieties of the virus and being infected usually gives lifelong immunity to that particular variety and short-term immunity to the other varieties. However this also increases the risk of having a severe reaction to the other types, this risk rises with exposure to another type and so on. Symptoms and Treatment Symptoms from the virus include headaches, back pain, joint pains, fever and a skin rash, which is similar in appearance to measles. A small percentage of infections the disease develops into a life threatening dengue haemorrhagic fever, which results in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage. The other life threatening possibility is dengue shock syndrome; thisShow MoreRelatedMalaria Is An Infectious Disease1021 Words   |  5 PagesBackground Malaria is considered as one of the deadliest diseases around the world. The cases of malaria are getting worse and more serious especially in the African countries. Almost 40% of the world’s population could be affected by the disease. Malaria could cause over 1 million deaths each year and could result to enormous damages to human and social-being (Gething et al., 2014). Most of the international organizations concerning human health have been working on provisions for early the diagnosisRead MoreGlobal Warming Has A Effect On The Size Of The Vector Population912 Words   |  4 Pages 2.2 Vector-borne infections Vector-borne diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species, such as mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies and blackflies.14 The largest health impact from global warming worldwide would occur from vector-borne infectious diseases because arthropod vectors are cold-blooded and thus, are very sensitive to climatic factors.4,14 Therefore, vectors and pathogens are predominantly affected by high temperature, as weather affects their survival and reproductionRead More infectious diseases Essay672 Words   |  3 Pagesand death from infectious diseases are particularly tragic because they are preventable and treatable. Not surprisingly, the poorest and most vulnerable are the most severely affected by infectious disease. Infectious diseases are a major cause of death, disability and social and economic turmoil for millions around the world. Poverty stricken countries lack access to health care. Reports show that in nations with the lowest economic status the causes of death are primarily infectious and nutritionalRead MoreSouth Afric An Endemic Region Of Ghana996 Words   |  4 Pagestelltale signs of malaria. This came as no grand surprise, as West Africa has long been recognized as an endemic region. However, as we drove to a nearby chemist to retrieve a dose oral antibiotics, my host father described the changes he’s observed in Ghana’s malaria since he was a child – and this was startling. He illustrated the discrepancy between the way the land appears now and how it did in times past, suggesting that these alterations are connected to transformation in malaria incidence. PalmRead MoreThe First Malaria Vaccine Trail1272 Words   |  6 Pages they spoke about the first malaria vaccine trail in humans. The tile of the journal is Phase 1/2a Trail of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidate VMP001/AS01b in Malaria-Native Adults: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy. The title of the popular article is the First Malaria Vaccine Trail in Humans. In order to fully understand these articles, one must have background information regarding the topic. Not only do you need to have a basic understanding of disease and infection, you have to understandRead MoreWhat I Have A High Fever939 Words   |  4 Pageshave Malaria; there begins the series of painful quinine injections. This is what I experienced during almost every raining season in Niger (my home country) until I was 17. As a consequence, since primary school, I have raised my interest in the ways Malaria develops in the human body, the reason behind all those symptoms, and how to prevent the disease. There is no single biology class, in Niger’s educational system from middle school to high school that did not include a chapter on Malaria, andRead MoreCommunicable Diseases : Communicable Disease904 Words   |  4 Pagesand Non-Communicable Diseases Communicable diseases spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. The terms infectious and contagious are also used to describe communicable disease according to the Global Health webpage. The amount of infectious diseases in Liberia is slowly crippling the country. One of the major killers in Liberia happens to be Malaria, which accounts for theRead MoreIndia s Health Issues Of India1259 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation, India has become a major manufacturing country that has experienced positive progress. Despite the manufacturing success, India still faces major health issues. Some of the country’s primary health problems are malaria, malnutrition/over nutrition, and cardiovascular disease. These health concerns come from poor sanitation and fresh water in different locations in India, without the proper sanitation and preventive measures there will always be health issues among the country’s people. BeforeRead MoreHow Climate Change Is Affecting The Spread Of Infectious Diseases Around The Globe1631 Words   |  7 Pagesto the spreading and occurrence of many infectious diseases. Vectors and pathogens that were not able to spread to certain countries before because temperatures were too low for them to survive in are now being able to habituate these parts of the world because of how much warmer our planet is becoming. This is concerning to us because infectious diseases can increase death rates. Therefore, if our planet continues to get warmer, the more infectious diseases will spread, and the more humans will dieRead MoreWhat Lies Within1401 Words   |  6 PagesMalaria According to the ONE CAMPAIGN approximately 219 people live in the world with malaria and 90% of those who died from malaria are from sub-Saharan Africa. There are many important risk factors that are highly associated with malaria. Those who are poor in these undeveloped countries live in places where mosquito density tends to be high and because they are unable to afford instecide treated nets over their beds when they are asleep or spray that they could potentially spray around their

Alzheimer s Disease And Its Effects - 1831 Words

Alzheimer’s disease is the biggest cause of senile dementia in Europe and the United States affecting nearly 36 million people worldwide (Prince, Albanese, Guerchet Prina, 2014). It is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder of the brain, severely affecting the temporal and frontal lobes, and in particular the limbic structures contained within these regions (Hooper Vogel, 1976). Such structures include the hippocampus (contributing particularly to spatial memory (Schmajuk, 1984) and the amygdalae, both of which are primarily affected (Chan et al, 2001). As such, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by a progressive cognitive impairment, usually beginning with memory loss and progressing further to involve multiple cognitive and†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, both types of AD are recognised pathologically by the build-up of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques, and massive neuronal and synaptic loss (Carmo Cuello, 2013). Neurofibrillary tangles are aggregates of hyper-phosphorylated tau protein and plaques are mostly insoluble deposits of ÃŽ ²-amyloid, resulting from the cutting of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) (Farooqui Farooqui, 2011). The discovery of mutations in the APP gene which cause familial AD lead to the articulation of the amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH) (Hardy Asllop, 1991). A large amount of evidence supports this view; however a number of findings are contrary to its proposal. As a result, Armstrong (2011) proposed a revision of the hypothesis, postulating that the main trigger for the development of the disease is the ageing of the brain and related wear and tear such as head trauma and stress; collectively referred to as the â€Å"allostatic load† (Carroll, 2002). Furthermore, a greater emphasis has now been placed on the role of small, soluble amyloid oligomers which seem to be the cause of early cell dysfunction in AD, rather than the large, insoluble amyloid fibr ils. (Ferreira, Vieira De Felice, 2007). The development of transgenic animal models of AD has been used to further understand the neural mechanisms associated with the disease, to test therapies and treatments and to

Factors of Victorian Trades Hall Architecture †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Victorian Trades Hall Architecture. Answer: Introduction The assignment is prepared on Australian architecture and the socio political factors influencing the Australian architecture is analyzed for the preparation of the report. The history of the Australian architecture is evaluated and the orientalism in the architecture and the structural engineering is also analyzed for the preparation of the assignment. History of Australian Architecture In the 19th century the Australian architecture have rich traditions. The European design was followed for designing the government buildings and homes. Gothic Revival Architecture was used for designing the churches which includes pointed arches, battlements the gothic revival architecture can also be found in the banks and university buildings[1]. The Victorian architecture was followed in the time period of 1850 to 1893 and it displays the prosperity and the ornate decorative features and lavish decorations[2]. While entering the 20th century the architectural design changed and the idea of style of our own came into play. The modernist style was used for designing the building and they were made attractive. Orientalism in Architecture The orientalism in the Australian architecture is important and the structure and the engineering used for the development of the building are evaluated for confirming the basic rules followed for designing the building. The colonial culture followed in Australia with the ideologies and the raciest supremacy was followed for the construction of the building[3]. Exotic and derivative styles were followed for designing the structure and the culture of the people played an important role for the creation of the architectural design. Conclusion It can be concluded that the Victorian trade hall was developed as an Australian trade union building and the building was build following a parliament style. The assignment is prepared contextualizing the Victorian trade hall with the history of the Australian architecture and orientalism in Australia. References Beynon, D. J., Brandon Gardiner, Ursula de Jong, Mirjana Lozanovska, and Flavia Marcello. "An issues paper: the roots/routes of Australian architecture: elements of an alternative architectural history." In Proceedings of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand: 31, Translation, pp. 639-658. Unitec New Zealand, 2014. Goad, Philip, and Julie Willis, eds. The Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture. Cambridge University Press, 2012. MacKenzie, John. Orientalism: History, theory and the arts. Manchester University Press, 1995.

Psychology In Sports Essay Example For Students

Psychology In Sports Essay The mind-body connection is a very powerful one. For everything you think in your mind, your body has a reaction, regardless of whether it is real or imagined. For example, have you ever had a bad dream? Usually, you will wake up and your heart is racing, you are sweating and very agitated, even though all you were doing was sleeping. But, in your mind there was something bad going on and your body was reacting to it. Heres another example: if you are home alone and you hear a noise and interpret it as the wind, you are fine; but if you interpret it as a prowler, your fight or flight response takes over and you become fearful. Your heart begins going a mile a minute, your eyes dilate, and you are scared. These are just a few examples of how strong the connection is between your mind and your body. With this premise, it becomes unmistakable how necessary it is to train both the mind and body for peak performance. It was neat to see that, at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, there were approximately 20 Sport Psychology Consultants there working with athletes. It has also been noted that 1/3 of the golfers on the major tours work with a Sports Psychologist or Consultant. Slowly but surely athletes, teams, coaches and managers are not only saying that they feel sports is mental, but also they are doing something about it. They are hiring Sports Psychologists, reading books, and devoting time to team building and mental training. In sports, so many things are left to chance. Sports are predictably unpredictable. Why let your mental mindset be another one of those things? Theres no reason for your mental game to be your one weakness! You have the power to control that. These tools and resources will help you remove psychological barriers that can get in the way of peak performance and give you some control over your own performance. Mark McGwire has worked with a Sports Psychologist since 1991, saying that the sessions help him find inner peace. He said it was totally his decision and the best one he made. Up until about a decade ago, a Sports Psychologist or Consultant was considered a person who athletes went to see only when they had a problem, not someone who healthy and productive athletes and teams spent their time with. Luckily, this stigma is changing; the change is slow, but it is evident. You see Sports Psychologists everywhere now; recreational athletes, colleges, professional teams, Olympic athletes, businesses, and corporations all seek them out. People are realizing that no matter how good you are, you can always improve, and one way to improve yourself is to become well-versed in performance enhancement techniques. There is no room for complacency; the complacent ones get left behind. This philosophy holds true not only in sports but in business as well. Athletes spend so much time physically practicing to get an edge on the competition. Yet what teams and athletes can really do to get the edge is right in front of their nose, or more accurately, right above their shoulders! You hear the same thing all the time, Sports is 90-95% mental. Athletes and coaches at all levels say it, but how many of them do something about it? Unfortunately, not nearly enough. It may be common knowledge, but it is not always common practice. Maybe they dont have the time, maybe they dont have the resources, or maybe down deep they dont really believe it. Whatever the reason, the fact remains the same, they are not utilizing their most powerful resource, the mind. Most athletes fatigue mentally before they fatigue physically, due to the fact that their mind is not in as good of shape as their bodiesCompetition is tight, athletes are physically fit, and the margin for victory is slim. Managers, coaches and players are realizing that to get ahead they need a n added resource, and that resource is a trained mind. Still, many coaches are blind to the importance of mental skills in their athletes. When there are two teams that are physically equal, it is the team that works together smoothly